Squamous cell carcinoma, as you can tell by its name, arises from squamous epithelium.

状细（）正如其名，来源于状皮细。

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the stratified squamous epithelium.

食管起源于复层状皮。

Wearing sunscreen helps protect against the development of all three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

基底细、状皮、和黑色素瘤。

And I should say that basal and squamous cell carcinomas are very, very common.

我应该指出，基底细和状细非见。

And I think to everyone's surprise, it was a squamous cell carcinoma, which is also a slow growing cancer.

而且令所有人惊讶的是，那竟是一种状细，这也是一种生长缓慢的症。

So this one study found somewhere between a 60 and 80 percent reduction in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.

因此，这项研究发现，基底细和状细的发病率降低了60%到80%之间。

This cancer can appear in any segment of the esophagus and it's further classified into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma - depending on the type of cells it originates from.

这种肿瘤在食管的任何节段都有可能出现，基于肿瘤来源的细类型，食管可以进一步被分为状细与腺。

Well-differentiated tumors with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma morphology can be diagnosed by routine light microscopy, without the need for IHC.

具有腺或状细形态的分化良好的肿瘤可以通过规光学显微镜进行诊断，而不需要 IHC。

Now, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer worldwide, and it originates in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus, most often in the upper two thirds.

是世界见的食管类型，来源于食管状皮层，见于食管三分之二。

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, accounts for 80- 85% of all lung cancers.

非小细肺（NSCLC）包括腺、状细和大细，占所有肺的80-85%。

While the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity depends largely on the tumor stage, HPV status is a main prognostic factor for squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx.

口腔状细的预后，很大程度取决于肿瘤分期，而感染HPV的状况则是口咽部状细的一个主要预后因素。

Specific risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma include alcohol consumption, hot fluids and caustic strictures, which is the narrowing of the esophagus following ingestion of a caustic substance, like household bleach.

而特有的危险因素包括饮酒、高温液体与腐蚀性食管狭窄，即摄入腐蚀性液体（如家用漂白剂）后导致食管狭窄。

In the US alone, there are up to 4 million cases per year of what's called squamous cell carcinoma, one of these forms of skin cancer.

仅在美国，每年就有多达400万例被称为状细的皮肤病例，这是其中一种形式的皮肤。

Squamous cell carcinoma is also known to arise at the lip vermillion in those who smoke, right at the location where a person holds the smoking device, such as a cigarette or pipe.

研究发现，状细也可发生于吸烟者的唇红，部位恰在吸烟者叼着烟具（如香烟或烟斗）的地方。

Over time, just like with squamous cell carcinoma, mutations might accumulate in either tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes that control the division of these metaplastic cells, ultimately resulting in a malignant tumor.

长此以往，和食管一样，抑基因和原基因会积累一系列突变，那些控制着化生细的细周期的基因突变终会导致恶性肿瘤。

And so if indeed there is something that can reduce the risk of basal and squamous cell carcinomas, that may be a rationale for taking it.

因此， 如果确实存在某种能降低基底细和状细风险的方法，那么采用它或许是有道理的。

NOS carcinomas that stain with adenocarcinoma markers are classifed as 'NSCLC, favor adenocarcinoma'; tumors that stain with squamous markers are classified as 'NSCLC, favor squamous cell carcinoma'.

带有腺标志物染色的 NOS 被归类为“NSCLC，有利于腺”；用状细标记染色的肿瘤被归类为“非小细肺，有利于状细”。

Guidelines recommend genomic profiling for all patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC (including adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and NSCLC NOS) and it should also be considered for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma.

指南建议对所有晚期非状细（包括腺、大细和 NSCLC NOS）患者进行基因组分析，晚期状细患者也应考虑进行基因组分析。